✧ shiMaore (mahorais) |
✽ shiMwali (mohélien) |
▲ shiNdzuani (anjouanais) |
shiNgazidja (grd-comorien) |
● shiKomori (tous les dialectes)
ORELC © 2025 | Powered by Swadrii GROUP
✧ shiMaore (mahorais) |
✽ shiMwali (mohélien) |
▲ shiNdzuani (anjouanais) |
shiNgazidja (grd-comorien) |
● shiKomori (tous les dialectes)
ORELC © 2025 | Powered by Swadrii GROUP
Cours en ligne
Notice (8): Undefined variable: moduleType [APP/View/FrenchLessons/lesson_viewer.php, line 35]>Code Context?><div class="title_menu_right col-xs-12 col-sm-12" style="padding:0;"><span style="cursor:pointer;" title="" onclick="window.location.href='/academy/FrenchLessons/'"><?=$moduleType?> ></span> <span style="font-weight:normal;cursor:pointer;" title="" onclick="window.location.href='/academy/FrenchLessons/viewModule/<?=$moduleName?>'"><?=$chapter?></span></div>$viewFile = '/home/nonisesh/www/orelc/academy/app/View/FrenchLessons/get_first_lesson_by_module.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'lesson' => array( 'FrenchLesson' => array( 'id' => '256', 'version' => '3', 'module' => 'demonstratives', 'group' => 'demonstrative', 'type' => 'grammaire', 'state' => null, 'rank' => '100', 'chapter' => 'Les démonstratifs', 'title' => 'Les démonstratifs du shiMaore', 'author_name' => 'Nasser', 'dialect' => 'shiMaore', 'description' => 'Prérequis : Avoir compris le chapitre des classes nominales. Objectif : Connaître les 3 degrés de distanciation des démonstratifs du shiMaore et leur accord en classe. ', 'content' => null, 'preview' => '<div class="box infos_examples"><h2>Les Démonstratifs</h2><p><strong>Rappel :</strong> Les Démonstratifs sont des mots qui sont destinés à montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en français aux adjectifs démonstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms démonstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-là, ceux-là ... etc).</strong></p><p>Voyons les démonstratifs du shiMaore.</p></div>', 'content_html' => '<div class="box infos_examples"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs</h2> <p><strong>Rappel :</strong> Les Démonstratifs sont des mots qui sont destinés à montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en français aux adjectifs démonstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms démonstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-là, ceux-là ... etc).</strong></p> <p>Voyons les démonstratifs du shiMaore.</p> </div> <div class="box"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs du shiMaore</h2> Le shiMaore compte 3 degrés de démonstratifs :<br /> <ul> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif référent <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>-O</strong></span> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose que l'on peut toucher. Il correspond en français à l'adverbe de lieu ou de temps <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #800080;">là</span>.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif de proximité <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>-NU/-NI</strong></span> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose d'assez proche. Il correspond à l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #800080;">ici</span>.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif de distance <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>-LE</strong></span> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose qui est éloigné. Il correspond à l'adverbe<span style="font-weight: bold; color: #800080;"> là-bas</span>.</li> </ul> <br /> <table style="height: 208px; width: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 10.9px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 10.9px; background-color: #ebebeb; text-align: center;"> <p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><em><strong>Cl.</strong></em></span></p> </td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 17.3644%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Ind. d'accord</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Nom</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Référence -O</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Proximité -NU/-NI</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Distance -LE</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; color: #3366ff;">1</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; color: #ff0000;">2</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">u-<br />wa-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mwana</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Wana</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uw<span style="color: #800080;">o</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">waw</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u<span style="color: #800080;">nu</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wa<span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080;">nu</span> </span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u<span style="color: #800080;">le</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wa<span style="color: #800080;">le</span></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 6%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">3</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #ff0000;">4</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 17.3644%;">u-<br />i-</td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mhono</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mihono</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uw</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;">o</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iy<span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; background-color: #ffffff;">o</span> <br /></span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u<span style="color: #800080;">nu</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i<span style="color: #800080;">ni</span></span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u<span style="color: #800080;">le</span><br />i<span style="color: #800080;">le</span></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">5</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #ff0000;">6</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">li-<br />ya-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Gari</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Magari</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lil</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yay</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">li<span style="color: #800080;">ni</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ya</span><span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; caret-color: #800080;">nu</span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">li</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ya</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 6%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">7</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #ff0000;">8</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 17.3644%;">i-<br />zi-</td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Shiri</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Ziri</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iy<span style="color: #800080;">o</span> </span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ziz</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ni</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zi</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ni</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zi</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">9</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #ff0000;">10</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">i-<br />zi-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iy</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ziz</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ni</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zi</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ni</span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zi</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 6%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">11</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 17.3644%;">u-</td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Uso</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uw</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;">u<span style="color: #800080;">nu</span></span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #339966;">16</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">pva-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Pvahali</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvapv</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pva<span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080;">nu</span> </span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #f5f5f5;">pva</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 6%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #339966;">17</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 17.3644%;">h-</td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Ɗagoni</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hoh</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hu<span style="color: #800080;">nu</span></span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hu</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #339966;">18</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">m-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Malagoni</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #f5f5f5;">mom</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #f5f5f5;">mu</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">nu</span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #f5f5f5;">mu</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /> <div><span style="color: #800000;"><strong>À noter :</strong></span> Le démonstratif se place donc toujours après le nom, mais le sens de la phrase change selon sa position avec l'adjectif qualificatif.</div> <p class="infos_examples" style="margin: 0;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><strong><em>Par e</em></strong><strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">xemple lorsque le demonstratif se trouve après l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong></span><br /><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Umwana mwema <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>unu</strong></span>. (<span style="color: #800080;">Ce </span>bel enfant <span style="color: #800080;">là</span>)</em> </span><br /><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Imihono mile <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>ile</strong></span>. (<span style="color: #800080;">Ces </span>longues mains (<span style="color: #800080;">là-bas</span>))</em></span><br /> <br /> <strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lorsque le demonstratif se trouve entre le nom et l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong><br /><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Umwana <span style="color: #800080;"><strong><em>unu </em></strong></span>mwema. (<span style="color: #800080;">Cet</span> enfant <span style="text-decoration: underline;">est</span> beau)</em> </span><br /><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Imihono <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>ile </strong></span>mile. (<span style="color: #800080;">Ces </span>mains là <span style="text-decoration: underline;">sont</span> longues)</em></span></p> </div>', 'content_html_fr' => null, 'text_shimaore' => null, 'text_shimwali' => null, 'text_shindzuani' => null, 'text_shingazidja' => null, 'thumbnail' => 'Grammaire - Démonstratifs shiMaore.png', 'media_source' => null, 'audio_source' => 'Les démonstratifs.mp3;Le dém. de référence en shiMwali, shiNdzuani et shiMaore.mp3;Le dém. de proximité en shiNdzuani et shiMaore.mp3;Le dém. de distance en shiMwali, shiNdzuani et shiMaore.mp3;L'acc. du dém. en shiMaore.mp3', 'audio_source_shimaore' => null, 'audio_source_shimwali' => null, 'audio_source_shindzuani' => null, 'audio_source_shingazidja' => null, 'video_source' => '', 'purchase_link' => null, 'publishing_house' => 'ORELC', 'authorization' => 'Public', 'is_shingazidja' => false, 'is_shindzuani' => false, 'is_shimaore' => true, 'is_shimwali' => false, 'is_standard' => false, 'use_all_audios' => false, 'use_all_videos' => false, 'verified' => false, 'active' => true, 'is_conversation' => true, 'licensed' => true, 'closed' => false, 'exercises_to_validate' => '114;115', 'exercises_to_memorize' => null, 'required_exercises' => '', 'creator_id' => '36', 'editor_id' => '36', 'date_created' => '2021-05-18 12:49:55', 'date_updated' => '2024-12-08 12:49:48', 'date_published' => '2021-05-18 12:49:55', 'date_day_article' => null ) ), 'authorizedEdition' => false, 'authorizedConference' => false, 'authorizedAccess' => false, 'clientApps' => array( (int) 0 => 'ORELC', (int) 1 => 'Luha', (int) 2 => 'DO' ), 'learningDialect' => 'shimaore', 'haveDictionaryLicense' => false, 'haveAccessPLUS' => false, 'haveGrammarLicense' => false, 'haveSpeakingLicense' => false, 'isAdministrator' => false, 'teacherMode' => false, 'isTeacher' => false, 'expendedHeader' => null, 'isiPAD' => false, 'isDesktop' => true, 'inIOSExam' => true, 'clientName' => false, 'isORELCApp' => null ) $lesson = array( 'FrenchLesson' => array( 'id' => '256', 'version' => '3', 'module' => 'demonstratives', 'group' => 'demonstrative', 'type' => 'grammaire', 'state' => null, 'rank' => '100', 'chapter' => 'Les démonstratifs', 'title' => 'Les démonstratifs du shiMaore', 'author_name' => 'Nasser', 'dialect' => 'shiMaore', 'description' => 'Prérequis : Avoir compris le chapitre des classes nominales. Objectif : Connaître les 3 degrés de distanciation des démonstratifs du shiMaore et leur accord en classe. ', 'content' => null, 'preview' => '<div class="box infos_examples"><h2>Les Démonstratifs</h2><p><strong>Rappel :</strong> Les Démonstratifs sont des mots qui sont destinés à montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en français aux adjectifs démonstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms démonstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-là, ceux-là ... etc).</strong></p><p>Voyons les démonstratifs du shiMaore.</p></div>', 'content_html' => '<div class="box infos_examples"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs</h2> <p><strong>Rappel :</strong> Les Démonstratifs sont des mots qui sont destinés à montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en français aux adjectifs démonstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms démonstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-là, ceux-là ... etc).</strong></p> <p>Voyons les démonstratifs du shiMaore.</p> </div> <div class="box"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs du shiMaore</h2> Le shiMaore compte 3 degrés de démonstratifs :<br /> <ul> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif référent <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>-O</strong></span> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose que l'on peut toucher. Il correspond en français à l'adverbe de lieu ou de temps <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #800080;">là</span>.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif de proximité <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>-NU/-NI</strong></span> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose d'assez proche. Il correspond à l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #800080;">ici</span>.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif de distance <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>-LE</strong></span> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose qui est éloigné. Il correspond à l'adverbe<span style="font-weight: bold; color: #800080;"> là-bas</span>.</li> </ul> <br /> <table style="height: 208px; width: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 10.9px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 10.9px; background-color: #ebebeb; text-align: center;"> <p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><em><strong>Cl.</strong></em></span></p> </td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 17.3644%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Ind. d'accord</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Nom</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Référence -O</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Proximité -NU/-NI</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Distance -LE</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; color: #3366ff;">1</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; color: #ff0000;">2</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">u-<br />wa-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mwana</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Wana</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uw<span style="color: #800080;">o</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">waw</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u<span style="color: #800080;">nu</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wa<span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080;">nu</span> </span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u<span style="color: #800080;">le</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wa<span style="color: #800080;">le</span></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 6%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">3</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #ff0000;">4</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 17.3644%;">u-<br />i-</td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mhono</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mihono</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uw</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;">o</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iy<span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; background-color: #ffffff;">o</span> <br /></span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u<span style="color: #800080;">nu</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i<span style="color: #800080;">ni</span></span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u<span style="color: #800080;">le</span><br />i<span style="color: #800080;">le</span></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">5</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #ff0000;">6</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">li-<br />ya-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Gari</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Magari</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lil</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yay</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">li<span style="color: #800080;">ni</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ya</span><span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; caret-color: #800080;">nu</span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">li</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ya</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 6%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">7</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #ff0000;">8</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 17.3644%;">i-<br />zi-</td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Shiri</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Ziri</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iy<span style="color: #800080;">o</span> </span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ziz</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ni</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zi</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ni</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zi</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">9</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #ff0000;">10</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">i-<br />zi-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iy</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ziz</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ni</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zi</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ni</span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zi</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 6%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">11</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 17.3644%;">u-</td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Uso</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uw</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;">u<span style="color: #800080;">nu</span></span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #339966;">16</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">pva-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Pvahali</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvapv</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pva<span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080;">nu</span> </span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #f5f5f5;">pva</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 6%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #339966;">17</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 17.3644%;">h-</td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Ɗagoni</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hoh</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hu<span style="color: #800080;">nu</span></span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hu</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #339966;">18</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">m-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Malagoni</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #f5f5f5;">mom</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #f5f5f5;">mu</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">nu</span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #f5f5f5;">mu</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /> <div><span style="color: #800000;"><strong>À noter :</strong></span> Le démonstratif se place donc toujours après le nom, mais le sens de la phrase change selon sa position avec l'adjectif qualificatif.</div> <p class="infos_examples" style="margin: 0;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><strong><em>Par e</em></strong><strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">xemple lorsque le demonstratif se trouve après l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong></span><br /><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Umwana mwema <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>unu</strong></span>. (<span style="color: #800080;">Ce </span>bel enfant <span style="color: #800080;">là</span>)</em> </span><br /><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Imihono mile <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>ile</strong></span>. (<span style="color: #800080;">Ces </span>longues mains (<span style="color: #800080;">là-bas</span>))</em></span><br /> <br /> <strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lorsque le demonstratif se trouve entre le nom et l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong><br /><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Umwana <span style="color: #800080;"><strong><em>unu </em></strong></span>mwema. (<span style="color: #800080;">Cet</span> enfant <span style="text-decoration: underline;">est</span> beau)</em> </span><br /><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Imihono <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>ile </strong></span>mile. (<span style="color: #800080;">Ces </span>mains là <span style="text-decoration: underline;">sont</span> longues)</em></span></p> </div>', 'content_html_fr' => null, 'text_shimaore' => null, 'text_shimwali' => null, 'text_shindzuani' => null, 'text_shingazidja' => null, 'thumbnail' => 'Grammaire - Démonstratifs shiMaore.png', 'media_source' => null, 'audio_source' => 'Les démonstratifs.mp3;Le dém. de référence en shiMwali, shiNdzuani et shiMaore.mp3;Le dém. de proximité en shiNdzuani et shiMaore.mp3;Le dém. de distance en shiMwali, shiNdzuani et shiMaore.mp3;L'acc. du dém. en shiMaore.mp3', 'audio_source_shimaore' => null, 'audio_source_shimwali' => null, 'audio_source_shindzuani' => null, 'audio_source_shingazidja' => null, 'video_source' => '', 'purchase_link' => null, 'publishing_house' => 'ORELC', 'authorization' => 'Public', 'is_shingazidja' => false, 'is_shindzuani' => false, 'is_shimaore' => true, 'is_shimwali' => false, 'is_standard' => false, 'use_all_audios' => false, 'use_all_videos' => false, 'verified' => false, 'active' => true, 'is_conversation' => true, 'licensed' => true, 'closed' => false, 'exercises_to_validate' => '114;115', 'exercises_to_memorize' => null, 'required_exercises' => '', 'creator_id' => '36', 'editor_id' => '36', 'date_created' => '2021-05-18 12:49:55', 'date_updated' => '2024-12-08 12:49:48', 'date_published' => '2021-05-18 12:49:55', 'date_day_article' => null ) ) $authorizedEdition = false $authorizedConference = false $authorizedAccess = false $clientApps = array( (int) 0 => 'ORELC', (int) 1 => 'Luha', (int) 2 => 'DO' ) $learningDialect = 'shimaore' $haveDictionaryLicense = false $haveAccessPLUS = false $haveGrammarLicense = false $haveSpeakingLicense = false $isAdministrator = false $teacherMode = false $isTeacher = false $expendedHeader = null $isiPAD = false $isDesktop = true $inIOSExam = true $clientName = false $isORELCApp = null $divider = '100%' $hasMedia = false $moduleName = 'demonstratives' $title = 'Les démonstratifs du shiMaore' $currController = 'FrenchLessons' $currAction = 'getFirstLessonByModule'include - APP/View/FrenchLessons/lesson_viewer.php, line 35 include - APP/View/FrenchLessons/get_first_lesson_by_module.ctp, line 1 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 111
Notice (8): Undefined variable: chapter [APP/View/FrenchLessons/lesson_viewer.php, line 35]Code Context?><div class="title_menu_right col-xs-12 col-sm-12" style="padding:0;"><span style="cursor:pointer;" title="" onclick="window.location.href='/academy/FrenchLessons/'"><?=$moduleType?> ></span> <span style="font-weight:normal;cursor:pointer;" title="" onclick="window.location.href='/academy/FrenchLessons/viewModule/<?=$moduleName?>'"><?=$chapter?></span></div>$viewFile = '/home/nonisesh/www/orelc/academy/app/View/FrenchLessons/get_first_lesson_by_module.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'lesson' => array( 'FrenchLesson' => array( 'id' => '256', 'version' => '3', 'module' => 'demonstratives', 'group' => 'demonstrative', 'type' => 'grammaire', 'state' => null, 'rank' => '100', 'chapter' => 'Les démonstratifs', 'title' => 'Les démonstratifs du shiMaore', 'author_name' => 'Nasser', 'dialect' => 'shiMaore', 'description' => 'Prérequis : Avoir compris le chapitre des classes nominales. Objectif : Connaître les 3 degrés de distanciation des démonstratifs du shiMaore et leur accord en classe. ', 'content' => null, 'preview' => '<div class="box infos_examples"><h2>Les Démonstratifs</h2><p><strong>Rappel :</strong> Les Démonstratifs sont des mots qui sont destinés à montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en français aux adjectifs démonstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms démonstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-là, ceux-là ... etc).</strong></p><p>Voyons les démonstratifs du shiMaore.</p></div>', 'content_html' => '<div class="box infos_examples"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs</h2> <p><strong>Rappel :</strong> Les Démonstratifs sont des mots qui sont destinés à montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en français aux adjectifs démonstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms démonstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-là, ceux-là ... etc).</strong></p> <p>Voyons les démonstratifs du shiMaore.</p> </div> <div class="box"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs du shiMaore</h2> Le shiMaore compte 3 degrés de démonstratifs :<br /> <ul> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif référent <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>-O</strong></span> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose que l'on peut toucher. Il correspond en français à l'adverbe de lieu ou de temps <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #800080;">là</span>.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif de proximité <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>-NU/-NI</strong></span> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose d'assez proche. Il correspond à l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #800080;">ici</span>.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif de distance <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>-LE</strong></span> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose qui est éloigné. Il correspond à l'adverbe<span style="font-weight: bold; color: #800080;"> là-bas</span>.</li> </ul> <br /> <table style="height: 208px; width: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 10.9px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 10.9px; background-color: #ebebeb; text-align: center;"> <p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><em><strong>Cl.</strong></em></span></p> </td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 17.3644%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Ind. d'accord</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Nom</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Référence -O</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Proximité -NU/-NI</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Distance -LE</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; color: #3366ff;">1</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; color: #ff0000;">2</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">u-<br />wa-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mwana</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Wana</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uw<span style="color: #800080;">o</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">waw</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u<span style="color: #800080;">nu</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wa<span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080;">nu</span> </span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u<span style="color: #800080;">le</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wa<span style="color: #800080;">le</span></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 6%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">3</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #ff0000;">4</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 17.3644%;">u-<br />i-</td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mhono</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mihono</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uw</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;">o</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iy<span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; background-color: #ffffff;">o</span> <br /></span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u<span style="color: #800080;">nu</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i<span style="color: #800080;">ni</span></span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u<span style="color: #800080;">le</span><br />i<span style="color: #800080;">le</span></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">5</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #ff0000;">6</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">li-<br />ya-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Gari</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Magari</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lil</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yay</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">li<span style="color: #800080;">ni</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ya</span><span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; caret-color: #800080;">nu</span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">li</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ya</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 6%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">7</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #ff0000;">8</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 17.3644%;">i-<br />zi-</td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Shiri</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Ziri</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iy<span style="color: #800080;">o</span> </span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ziz</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ni</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zi</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ni</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zi</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">9</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #ff0000;">10</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">i-<br />zi-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iy</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ziz</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ni</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zi</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ni</span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zi</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 6%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">11</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 17.3644%;">u-</td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Uso</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uw</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;">u<span style="color: #800080;">nu</span></span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #339966;">16</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">pva-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Pvahali</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvapv</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pva<span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080;">nu</span> </span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #f5f5f5;">pva</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 6%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #339966;">17</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 17.3644%;">h-</td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Ɗagoni</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hoh</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hu<span style="color: #800080;">nu</span></span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hu</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #339966;">18</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">m-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Malagoni</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #f5f5f5;">mom</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #f5f5f5;">mu</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">nu</span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #f5f5f5;">mu</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /> <div><span style="color: #800000;"><strong>À noter :</strong></span> Le démonstratif se place donc toujours après le nom, mais le sens de la phrase change selon sa position avec l'adjectif qualificatif.</div> <p class="infos_examples" style="margin: 0;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><strong><em>Par e</em></strong><strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">xemple lorsque le demonstratif se trouve après l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong></span><br /><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Umwana mwema <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>unu</strong></span>. (<span style="color: #800080;">Ce </span>bel enfant <span style="color: #800080;">là</span>)</em> </span><br /><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Imihono mile <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>ile</strong></span>. (<span style="color: #800080;">Ces </span>longues mains (<span style="color: #800080;">là-bas</span>))</em></span><br /> <br /> <strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lorsque le demonstratif se trouve entre le nom et l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong><br /><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Umwana <span style="color: #800080;"><strong><em>unu </em></strong></span>mwema. (<span style="color: #800080;">Cet</span> enfant <span style="text-decoration: underline;">est</span> beau)</em> </span><br /><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Imihono <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>ile </strong></span>mile. (<span style="color: #800080;">Ces </span>mains là <span style="text-decoration: underline;">sont</span> longues)</em></span></p> </div>', 'content_html_fr' => null, 'text_shimaore' => null, 'text_shimwali' => null, 'text_shindzuani' => null, 'text_shingazidja' => null, 'thumbnail' => 'Grammaire - Démonstratifs shiMaore.png', 'media_source' => null, 'audio_source' => 'Les démonstratifs.mp3;Le dém. de référence en shiMwali, shiNdzuani et shiMaore.mp3;Le dém. de proximité en shiNdzuani et shiMaore.mp3;Le dém. de distance en shiMwali, shiNdzuani et shiMaore.mp3;L'acc. du dém. en shiMaore.mp3', 'audio_source_shimaore' => null, 'audio_source_shimwali' => null, 'audio_source_shindzuani' => null, 'audio_source_shingazidja' => null, 'video_source' => '', 'purchase_link' => null, 'publishing_house' => 'ORELC', 'authorization' => 'Public', 'is_shingazidja' => false, 'is_shindzuani' => false, 'is_shimaore' => true, 'is_shimwali' => false, 'is_standard' => false, 'use_all_audios' => false, 'use_all_videos' => false, 'verified' => false, 'active' => true, 'is_conversation' => true, 'licensed' => true, 'closed' => false, 'exercises_to_validate' => '114;115', 'exercises_to_memorize' => null, 'required_exercises' => '', 'creator_id' => '36', 'editor_id' => '36', 'date_created' => '2021-05-18 12:49:55', 'date_updated' => '2024-12-08 12:49:48', 'date_published' => '2021-05-18 12:49:55', 'date_day_article' => null ) ), 'authorizedEdition' => false, 'authorizedConference' => false, 'authorizedAccess' => false, 'clientApps' => array( (int) 0 => 'ORELC', (int) 1 => 'Luha', (int) 2 => 'DO' ), 'learningDialect' => 'shimaore', 'haveDictionaryLicense' => false, 'haveAccessPLUS' => false, 'haveGrammarLicense' => false, 'haveSpeakingLicense' => false, 'isAdministrator' => false, 'teacherMode' => false, 'isTeacher' => false, 'expendedHeader' => null, 'isiPAD' => false, 'isDesktop' => true, 'inIOSExam' => true, 'clientName' => false, 'isORELCApp' => null ) $lesson = array( 'FrenchLesson' => array( 'id' => '256', 'version' => '3', 'module' => 'demonstratives', 'group' => 'demonstrative', 'type' => 'grammaire', 'state' => null, 'rank' => '100', 'chapter' => 'Les démonstratifs', 'title' => 'Les démonstratifs du shiMaore', 'author_name' => 'Nasser', 'dialect' => 'shiMaore', 'description' => 'Prérequis : Avoir compris le chapitre des classes nominales. Objectif : Connaître les 3 degrés de distanciation des démonstratifs du shiMaore et leur accord en classe. ', 'content' => null, 'preview' => '<div class="box infos_examples"><h2>Les Démonstratifs</h2><p><strong>Rappel :</strong> Les Démonstratifs sont des mots qui sont destinés à montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en français aux adjectifs démonstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms démonstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-là, ceux-là ... etc).</strong></p><p>Voyons les démonstratifs du shiMaore.</p></div>', 'content_html' => '<div class="box infos_examples"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs</h2> <p><strong>Rappel :</strong> Les Démonstratifs sont des mots qui sont destinés à montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en français aux adjectifs démonstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms démonstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-là, ceux-là ... etc).</strong></p> <p>Voyons les démonstratifs du shiMaore.</p> </div> <div class="box"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs du shiMaore</h2> Le shiMaore compte 3 degrés de démonstratifs :<br /> <ul> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif référent <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>-O</strong></span> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose que l'on peut toucher. Il correspond en français à l'adverbe de lieu ou de temps <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #800080;">là</span>.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif de proximité <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>-NU/-NI</strong></span> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose d'assez proche. Il correspond à l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #800080;">ici</span>.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif de distance <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>-LE</strong></span> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose qui est éloigné. Il correspond à l'adverbe<span style="font-weight: bold; color: #800080;"> là-bas</span>.</li> </ul> <br /> <table style="height: 208px; width: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 10.9px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 10.9px; background-color: #ebebeb; text-align: center;"> <p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><em><strong>Cl.</strong></em></span></p> </td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 17.3644%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Ind. d'accord</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Nom</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Référence -O</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Proximité -NU/-NI</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Distance -LE</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; color: #3366ff;">1</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; color: #ff0000;">2</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">u-<br />wa-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mwana</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Wana</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uw<span style="color: #800080;">o</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">waw</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u<span style="color: #800080;">nu</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wa<span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080;">nu</span> </span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u<span style="color: #800080;">le</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wa<span style="color: #800080;">le</span></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 6%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">3</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #ff0000;">4</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 17.3644%;">u-<br />i-</td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mhono</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mihono</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uw</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;">o</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iy<span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; background-color: #ffffff;">o</span> <br /></span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u<span style="color: #800080;">nu</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i<span style="color: #800080;">ni</span></span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u<span style="color: #800080;">le</span><br />i<span style="color: #800080;">le</span></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">5</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #ff0000;">6</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">li-<br />ya-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Gari</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Magari</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lil</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yay</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">li<span style="color: #800080;">ni</span></span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ya</span><span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; caret-color: #800080;">nu</span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">li</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ya</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 6%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">7</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #ff0000;">8</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 17.3644%;">i-<br />zi-</td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Shiri</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Ziri</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iy<span style="color: #800080;">o</span> </span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ziz</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ni</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zi</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ni</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zi</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">9</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #ff0000;">10</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">i-<br />zi-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iy</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ziz</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ni</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zi</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ni</span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">i</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zi</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 6%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #3366ff;">11</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 17.3644%;">u-</td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Uso</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uw</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;">u<span style="color: #800080;">nu</span></span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">u</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #339966;">16</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">pva-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Pvahali</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvapv</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pva<span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080;">nu</span> </span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #f5f5f5;">pva</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 6%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #339966;">17</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 17.3644%;">h-</td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 11.6356%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Ɗagoni</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hoh</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hu<span style="color: #800080;">nu</span></span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 18%;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hu</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 6%; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start; color: #339966;">18</span></td> <td style="width: 17.3644%; height: 17px; text-align: left;">m-</td> <td style="width: 11.6356%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Malagoni</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #f5f5f5;">mom</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">o</span></td> <td style="width: 20%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #f5f5f5;">mu</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">nu</span></td> <td style="width: 18%; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; background-color: #f5f5f5;">mu</span><span style="caret-color: #800080; color: #800080; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">le</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /> <div><span style="color: #800000;"><strong>À noter :</strong></span> Le démonstratif se place donc toujours après le nom, mais le sens de la phrase change selon sa position avec l'adjectif qualificatif.</div> <p class="infos_examples" style="margin: 0;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><strong><em>Par e</em></strong><strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">xemple lorsque le demonstratif se trouve après l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong></span><br /><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Umwana mwema <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>unu</strong></span>. (<span style="color: #800080;">Ce </span>bel enfant <span style="color: #800080;">là</span>)</em> </span><br /><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Imihono mile <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>ile</strong></span>. (<span style="color: #800080;">Ces </span>longues mains (<span style="color: #800080;">là-bas</span>))</em></span><br /> <br /> <strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lorsque le demonstratif se trouve entre le nom et l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong><br /><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Umwana <span style="color: #800080;"><strong><em>unu </em></strong></span>mwema. (<span style="color: #800080;">Cet</span> enfant <span style="text-decoration: underline;">est</span> beau)</em> </span><br /><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Imihono <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>ile </strong></span>mile. 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Les Démonstratifs
Rappel : Les Démonstratifs sont des mots qui sont destinés à montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en français aux adjectifs démonstratifs (ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.), et aux pronoms démonstratifs (celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-là, ceux-là ... etc).
Voyons les démonstratifs du shiMaore.
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Actuellement 99 leçons (dont 23 sur les discussions et le vocabulaire ),et 274 exercices sont à disposition.
Cours en ligne
- Les pronoms autonomes
- Les classes nominales
- Les démonstratifs
- Les présentatifs
- Les connectifs
- Les adjectifs
- Les possessifs
- La forme définie
- Les désignatifs
- Les mots interrogatifs
- Les voyelles
- Les contractions
- Les verbes
- Les pronoms liés
- Les auxiliaires
- Les auxiliatifs
- Les auxiliatifs ◼
- Les auxiliatifs ▲✧
- Les tps du présent
- Les tps du futur
- Les tps du passé
- Les vebre être & Avoir 21.03.22
- La conjugaison 21.03.22
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